Intro to part 4+Chapter 13 (pp. 610-615) & (pp. 617-649)

This part discusses the early modern era and the eras before that. The order of our eras go from paleolithic, neolithic, ancient, classical, and modern era. The question comes up wether we are still in the modern era or have begun to enter a new era. Some people may argue that we have gone past the modern era and have entered a more technologic era or are starting to enter a world that is surrounded by technology. Also in Chapter 13 we learn about the political transformation during those certain times and the many different empires encountered back then and the issues faced during those times.